Taking medicine at the first sign of discomfort has become second nature for many South Africans, but the misuse of these medications can transform remedies into risks.
Pharmacist Themba Muhlarhi, from South Africa’s pioneering courier pharmacy, Medipost Pharmacy, raises a critical red flag, cautioning the public about the potential dangers posed by medication interactions.
“Understanding contraindications isn't just the domain of healthcare professionals – it is essential for everyone taking medication,” Muhlarhi asserts.
“It is not just about popping a pill; it’s about ensuring that what should be a remedy doesn't become a risk.” This warning comes against the backdrop of alarming global statistics highlighting the health risks posed by medication-related errors. The National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) reports that such errors account for up to 41.3% of hospital admissions and 22% of readmissions after discharge worldwide.
Understanding contraindications
So, what exactly are contraindications? These terms, detailed in medication package inserts, indicate where specific medications should not be used due to potential harm. They can range from interactions with food to more complex medication and disease interactions. Contraindications are divided into two categories: absolute, where the risk is life-threatening, and relative, which prompt the need for caution and professional advice.
“A common example is using warfarin with aspirin; both medications are blood thinners and should only be combined under medical supervision. Additionally, isotretinoin should never be taken during pregnancy due to the risk of congenital disabilities,” explains Muhlarhi. The critical takeaway? Medications should always be prescribed meticulously and with professional oversight.
Staying informed and safe
In today’s fast-paced world, it is imperative to take charge of your health journey. Muhlarhi urges individuals to consider themselves active participants in their medication management. Here are some practical tips to manage medications safely:
- Read patient information leaflets: Always check the "cautions and contraindications" section for essential information.
- Consult with professionals: When in doubt, ask your pharmacist about potential interactions, particularly with unfamiliar over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. Medipost Pharmacy is committed to making this process convenient, offering assistance in all 11 official languages.
Over-the-counter medications and contraindications
While OTC medications provide quick relief, they are not universally safe. Muhlarhi advises caution, especially if you are:
- Taking other medications
- Living with diabetes
- Experiencing high blood pressure
- Having an overactive thyroid
- A man with an enlarged prostate
- Dealing with liver, kidney, heart, or circulation problems
- Facing increased pressure in your eyes (glaucoma)
For example, pseudoephedrine, a common ingredient in nasal decongestants, may elevate blood pressure, posing risks for individuals with hypertension. Also, mixing aspirin, used for pain relief, and warfarin without medical guidance can lead to severe complications.
“Always consult a healthcare professional to ensure your OTC and prescription drugs are safe to use together,” Muhlarhi advises, emphasising the importance of ongoing communication with your pharmacist or doctor.
Essential tips and advice
When speaking with your healthcare provider, here are steps to remember:
- Bring a list of all medications you are taking.
- Mention any past adverse reactions to medications.
- Inform them of any food or medication allergies.
- Let your pharmacist know if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Before taking any medication, be informed:
- What the medication is and the conditions it's treating.
- If it may induce drowsiness or affect your awareness.
- The correct timing and dosage.
- How long you should be taking it.
Your lifestyle and its impact on medication
Your daily habits significantly influence medication efficacy. Foods like grapefruit can interfere with certain medications, while smoking and alcohol consumption can introduce considerable health risks. Alcohol combined with acetaminophen, for instance, can be detrimental to your liver. Discuss your lifestyle with your pharmacist or doctor when starting new medications to ensure they are safe and effective.
The role of healthcare providers
“Healthcare professionals play a key role in safeguarding your health,” emphasises Muhlarhi. Pharmacists can identify potential drug interactions by evaluating prescriptions and discussing other medications with patients. Meanwhile, doctors assess medical histories to prevent prescribing incompatible medications.
If you suspect you are experiencing a contraindication or adverse reaction, stop taking the medication immediately and contact your healthcare provider. Muhlarhi stresses, “Never start a new medication without consulting your pharmacist or doctor, especially if you're on long-term prescriptions.”
Regular medication reviews are crucial to ensure treatments remain both safe and effective.
Utilising medication-tracking apps can also enhance medication management, allowing for better monitoring of doses, prescriptions, and potential interactions. Through collaboration with healthcare professionals and staying informed, individuals can take confident steps towards safely managing their medications and protecting their health.
IOL